Journalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Journalists - Essay Example However, we can see that sometimes journalist are provided with instances which are unethical and distasteful. A journalism as a profession has ethics and standards and on that basis we can see that they have an obligation to protect the rights and morals of a society. The journalist being responsible for what they convey to the people they must be allowed not to cover a story they find unethical or distasteful. (Thesis) It is noticeable that most of the news content in the media is not suitable to all viewers and are malicious. Violence, abuse and vulgarity have become a common scene of news channels. As a journalist, people come across many kinds of situation in their professional life. But at times their morality and ethics would not allow them to cover such news. So they should be allowed not to cover such instances. This is about the freedom in work as the journalist must have right to work in his manner in his space. As a professional they completely understand what is instance s has the potentiality for news coverage. The journalist while doing his job also is doing a humanizing process. Journalist brings news from around the world to us. But sometimes Journalist may be forced to cover instances and events which go against the ethics like murdering situations, sexually exploiting instance and inhumane behaviors. The journalist might be unwilling to cover such situations but many be intimidated by the news channels to report it. Such conditions must not exist as it may be an invasion in to their professional conduct. A journalist can be comfortable if he is allowed to do his work in alliance with his ethical and moral perspective. They need to be given freedom to choose what they opt to cover or omit. Journalists are professional people and they have a code of ethics on which they work. Journalist is always under pressure from various sources which would make them work with much less freedom. News media is also a sort business and sometimes they are forced to cover matter which can be often unethical or distasteful to the journalist. The media channel may want to promote a particular even which may give benefits for them. A journalist should be fair and courageous in covering news and should be given choice to cover or not to cover a story. If they are allowed not to cover unethical and distasteful things then they feel content about their profession. The main issue here is every journalist has a mind of their own while they works on their story. The journalist understand the news converge makes a large impact on the audience and the society or may be world as a whole. The journalist needs to keep in consideration the emotional, ethical, religious and cultural value of people around the world. Sometimes their own religion or culture may prevent them from covering a certain event or happening. So the journalist should be allowed what he might prefer to cover. If he feels insecure and restricted the journalist might lose the creativity and interest in his work. The journalists can feel that they have no role in his job. Every story covered by a journalist is their freedom of expression. If one cannot express then one cannot be a good journalist. It is also essential to understand that unethical reports can damage the reputation of the journalist as well as the media. According to Grynko ( 2012,pg 259 -274)â€Å"As truth seekers and truth presenters, the journalists must be open and honest with their audiences†. Truthiness to the facts he is presenting and covering reports that are ethical and suitable to audience should be in the parameters of the job responsibility and obligation of journalists. The journalist shou

Medication errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Medication errors - Essay Example In addition misdiagnosis and fatigue while attending to patients account to a large percentage of the errors. There are several instances throughout the medical process where medical errors can occur right from diagnosing the patient to the point where treatment is prescribed and administered by the relevant parties. Among these instances include documentation, dispensing, administering and monitoring a majority of which are carried out by nurses. This places a large responsibility on their hands and explains why medication errors and the safety of the patients lie at the core of being a nurse. The roles medical practitioners play in the occurrence of medical errors clearly cannot be overruled and it therefore goes without say, clear guidelines and procedures will go a long way in managing them (Clinic, 2011). This paper will outline the cause of medical errors, its prevention how it is reported and steps that could be taken to ensure the safety of patients. From the approach that hu man errors amount to the greatest percentage of medical errors there are two angles medication errors can be viewed from. The first angle looks at the error as being caused by human frailty. Poorly paid, overworked and unmotivated employees tend to overlook a number of critical issues which are crucial and if unattended amount to medical errors. Similarly human nature such as forgetfulness, not paying attention to details or even negligence of laid down procedures while administering care to patient’s directly cause medical errors. The second approach on the contrary views these errors in the medical field as being caused by a combination of factors surrounding the institutions. There exists an array of issues among them a broken line of communication that leads to decisions amongst practitioners being made based on partial or wrong information. This approach looks at the errors as being caused by the systems in place and for this reason they are bound to occur unless the cor rect measures are taken to prevent them. Based on this, much as human error may stands as the principle cause of medication errors, the conditions surrounding nurses and other medical staff go a long way in determining the safety of patients and in the long run preventing these errors. Even though issues handled within the hospital are diverse every one of which has a unique way of solving, most errors are recurrent and tend to fall into a pattern and therefore changes in the right policies will advertently reduce the number of medical errors. Furthermore it is important to note even the most meticulous and the very best of professionals make mistakes and placing such errors squarely on medical officers is a definite oversight. An error could occur as early as in the diagnosis stage of a patient or during the latter stages of administering treatment and drugs. All medical staff involved in this process can be the cause of such an error and therefore are directly or indirectly affect ed by its effects. Patients largely sit on the receiving end of medical errors and tend to carry the burden of its adverse effects. In the case of a misdiagnosis they get the wrong treatment and will still have to seek treatment again over and above the fact that they may suffer from deadly side effects if not fatal. These additional treatment costs impact heavily on the hospitals financials. In addition the hospitals reputation is spoilt due to malpractice and possible

The Techniques Of Neutralization

The Techniques Of Neutralization In 1957, Gresham Sykes and David Matza developed a theory that explained delinquent behavior through techniques of neutralization. Sykes and Matza developed five different techniques to help them explain their theory. This literature review provides background information on the Techniques of Neutralization and looks at each one specifically. Over time, several studies have been done to better explain and test out these techniques. Also included are critiques of Sykes and Matzas Theory. Overview The Techniques of Neutralization were developed to explain juvenile delinquents and why they committed crime (Moyer 2001). Its believed that they reject the values and goals of society and form goals and values of their own. Delinquents accept the values of being allowed to take the easy way out. Society believes in an individual taking steps to better themselves in non-criminal ways to succeed. The criminal subcultural sees this as a struggle and tends to shy away (Moyer 2001). The criminal believes in low achievement and dropping out. The control theories is the umbrella which most believe these techniques should fall under, however, theorist believe that this was used to criticize Hirschis Social Bond Theory. Other theorists saw this as an extension to Hirschis theory. What Sykes and Matza intended to do was to clarify what was meant by definitions favorable to law. Their initial plan was not to develop a theory of control (Moyer 2001). Using this as a building block, Matza later developed another theory that we now know as Drift Theory. Sykes and Matza outlined five different techniques. Each technique provided what theorists believe to be excuses or responses to delinquent behavior. These techniques became important in lessening the effect of control on these individuals and an important part of the criminal behavior. Denial of Responsibility This technique allows an individual to deny any right to being involved in an act (Sykes and Matza 1957). Usually they are reacting to an outside source whether it be another person or a situation that has affected them. They will often say that their reaction was beyond their control. (Moyer 2001; Akers and Sellers 2004) Denial of responsibility can actually be explained through other theories. The theories that formed from the Chicago School could use this and say that where an individual lives or comes from can help explain why he or she has resulted to deviant behavior. (Moyer 2001) Denial of Injury An individual in this situation will say that their action yielded no victim, therefore their crime was victimless (Sykes and Matza 1957). Their argument is that no one or nothing was harm in the act of their crime. As a society we view victimless crimes as things like prostitution and drug use. The government tends to constitute morals instead of basing it on the fact that these acts can actually hurt people. Delinquents see this as an opportunity to act out. These individuals may also play a part in other criminal activities such as tagging or vandalism and stealing. They feel that no one is harmed by these crimes, so it is alright to commit them. Denial of the Victim This technique could be tied the denial of injury, but its a bit different in the fact that individuals will argue that the victim had it coming (Sykes and Matza 1957). Usually this act is a result of retaliation against something the victim did to egg on the offender. Hate crimes are an example crimes that can be explained by this technique. (Moyer 2001; Akers and Sellers 2004) Some theorists argue that rape or sexual assault can be used to show denial of victim. On most college campuses, drinking is a huge problem that often results in rape or assault (Piacentini, Chatzidakis, and Banister 2012). College females are seen as weaker individuals to prey on when they are intoxicated. The males in this situation take advantage of this. This criminal act could happen within the party scene or when the individual leaves. The male would argue that she was drunk and was asking for it. (Moyer 2001; Akers and Sellers 2004; Piacentini, Chatzidakis, and Banister 2012) Another example of this technique would be your average club or bar right. Most individuals who go into bars, go there to drink. Lets say a couple goes to a bar, they sit down and a man starts to hit of the female companion. Hes obviously drunk, but the boyfriend sees this guy as a threat and nicely asks him to stop. The drunk male begin to mouth off at the boyfriend. The boyfriend becomes heated and punches the drunk male in the face causing an uproar at the bar that results in the cops being called. When the cops arrive, the boyfriend says that the drunk male had it coming, as he was the one who started the situation in the first place. However, this is most often the situation in any fight. (Piacentini, Chatzidakis, and Banister 2012) Appeal to Higher Loyalties Appeal to high loyalty crimes usually occur when something big is at stake (Sykes and Matza 1957). This is a common technique used by the government. However, as far as delinquents are concerned, this is used to explain crimes committed while involved in a gang. Juveniles see the gang as their family. Their goal is to fit in, so they often say that they owed this to the gang to defend their reputation within it. (Moyer 2001; Akers and Sellers 2004) This technique could also be used to explain a theft of some sort (Shigihara 2013). There is a single mother of three who works at in retail. One of her children suffers from severe allergies, but she doesnt have enough money to afford the medication. Before this mother leaves work on a certain occasion she sneaks a bottle of medicine into her purse. Consequently, this woman gets caught by the manager who has seen her in the act. When this woman is question, she states her situation and tells the manager that she had to do it for her child. She has then attempted to appeal to higher loyalties (Moyer 2001). Condemnation of Condemners This technique is one of the most complicated, but more cleaver. It allows the delinquent to shift the attention from themselves to the individual who is convicting them (Sykes and Matza 1957). They usually tend to focus of the acts or behaviors of others so that there is a shift in action and attention. (Moyer 2001; Akers and Sellers 2004) Condemnation of condemners can be used in court cases a lot. The offender could be allowed to shift focus on the wrongdoings of the police or any other individual who played a part in their behavior. Racial profiling would make for an example. Law enforcement officials have a target that they have their mind set on. Anyone who so slightly resembles that individual is usually targeted by officers. Maybe an individual is in the wrong place at the wrong time. If this individual is taken in, they could argue that the police officials were profiling him or there was no evidence that could or would link him to anything. Review of Literature and Studies According to Costello, Sykes and Matza created that the notion of an oppositional subculture was unlikely because delinquents seem to display guilt or shame (2000). They typically have some ties to what we know as conformist society. Sykes and Matza believe that these neutralizations are extensions of legal defenses to crimes (Costello 2000). These techniques allow the delinquent to see them as valid, but they tend to be denied by the society around them. The studies and empirical research that has been done to study this theory was provided mixed results (Schafer and Knudten 1977). Most studies show that those who use neutralization techniques tend to have weak bonds and are more likely to be deviant (Costello 2000). Agnews longitudinal analysis of violent behavior show that neutralization has more effect on violence among those who condemn the behavior, thus supporting Sykess and Matzas argument that states neutralization is a result of internalized constraints to behavior that require these neutralization techniques (Costello 2000). As far as current research goes, there are several arguments. One is although there is research that show a relationship between neutralization and deviance, the relationship is usually weak (Costello 2000). Another argument is that an individual uses the techniques as a way to protect his or her self-esteem because of the ties they have to the society (Costello 2000). None of the evidence found for any of these presents clear and strong support. There was a study done that looked at men in a Tennessee prison. Most of these individuals came from poor background. They were all grouped into different categories based or the attachment to the society in which they came from. Several crimes were looked at and then each individual was asked if they had been involved in any of those particular crimes. At the end of the study, they found that each individual used at least one technique of neutralization to defend their act. (Copes 2003) Critiques One of the main arguments against this theory is the fact that it doesnt explain how society tolerates the use of the techniques (Moyer 2001). Sykes and Matza explained how to use the techniques, but they failed to explain whether certain individuals would be more accepting (Moyer 2001). There may be some members of a society or group that will be either more lenient or harsher as a result of the use of these techniques. However, we are unaware of these individuals because this theory has failed to mention it (Rankin 2011). The biggest criticism of this theory is that it is not a theory at all (Moyer 2001). Sykes and Matza said themselves that the research and evidence to support this theory was rare (Sykes and Matza 1957). They actually admitted to the fact that this was more of an addition to a larger more general theory. This is how Matzas Drift Theory came about (Akers and Sellers 2004). The actual goal of this research was to explain how individuals who commit crimes still see themselves as law-abiding citizens (Sykes and Matza 1957). As we now look at the techniques as a whole, theorists believe that this is best categorized not as a theory but as steps to creating a control theory (Moyer 2001). Conclusion The techniques of neutralization has been turned into what is believed to be building blocks to a greater theory. They have taken a look at the ways that criminals, delinquents especially, explain or rationalize their behavior. Even in todays world, we see evidence of these techniques being used. Sykes and Matza have developed these techniques that will not only be used by criminals, but also by those who may represent these criminals as justifications for committing these crimes.

Americas Occupation of Puerto Rico :: American History

America's Occupation of Puerto Rico On July 25, 1898, American troops led by General Nelson Miles landed at Guanica and began the military invasion of Puerto Rico. Within three days, Miles and his troops secured the city of Ponce and rendered a Spanish surrender a matter of time. Although the Island was taken by force and placed under martial law, the general reaction to the United States invasion was very much positive. In fact, the Puerto Rican people admired U.S. political and economic ideals so much that one local newspaper told it's readers, â€Å"from a people who are descendants of Washington, no one should expect a sad surprise ... we trust, with full confidence in the great Republic and the men who govern her.† [1] Unfortunately that confidence was short lived, as the realities of American political and economic agendas set in and led Puerto Rico to be â€Å"stranded in a sea of ambiguity, racism, audacity and indifference.† [2] U.S. occupation of Puerto Rico was marked by severe contradictions o f so-called `American' ideals pertaining to new and established policies that were extended to Puerto Rico and these contradictions have had profound and long-lasting effects on the development of the island politically, economically and socially. In 1897, Spain established self-government in Puerto Rico and the people drafted a constitution. One year later, the Spanish would cede Puerto Rico to the United States and that constitution would go basically unrecognized. On the island, the local politicians realized that â€Å"`through fate of war' and the force of arms, their constitution was ... irrelevant.† [3] Although the islanders lost their constitution, their confidence in the U.S. coupled with a pledge from General Miles, in which he describes the U.S. goal as, â€Å"...to promote your prosperity, and to bestow upon you the immunities and the blessings of the liberal institutions of our government,† [4] had them expecting to eventually write a new and improved constitution as soon as the military government was abolished. Unfortunately, while the Puerto Rican people patiently waited for the Great Republic to deliver liberty, the Americans argued for almost two years about what to do with their new possession . On April 12, 1900, President McKinley signed the Foraker Act (also known as the first organic act) into law and sealed the political fate of the Puerto Rican people. The act called for a Governor, an Executive Council, and a House of Delegates to govern the island.

Poverty in America Essay

Many people want to blame the government and their short comings for the reasons that affect their upward mobility, but indigent people must fully evaluate their negative decisions, and their consequences, that have made poverty a perpetuating cycle in not only their lives, but their children’s. Chiefly, bad decisions like, teen pregnancy, lack of education and complacency keeps poverty revolving, currently, and for future generations. The government does have an obligation to help the poor and needy in America, but as individuals, people have an obligation to help themselves in their own pursuit of happiness and success. To help end poverty, people should assess the issues of the generation before, so that the next generation has a better future. .To begin with, one of the major causes of poverty is a person’s decision to drop out of school. Timothy Eagan, a correspondent with the New York Times, reported in his journal article, â€Å"No Degree, and No Way Back to the Middle†, that a man in his fifties with a college degree is expected to make 81 percent more than a man without one. Years prior to it was 52 percent. Without education people are more susceptible to undesirable lifestyles then those who graduate. Besides the dilemma of having no education, dropouts face a number of challenges that could have possibly been avoided if they had decided to finish schooling. First, the non- graduate has challenges obtaining employment, consequently, they engage in criminal activity. As a result of criminal activity, non-graduates tend to end up in the penal system, and are then stigmatized against future employment. With the job market being so scarce and work wages so low, those with no diploma or degree will have no chance of coming out of poverty. In addition, low income people are often eligible for assistance, such as reduced cost housing, food stamps, child care and insurance. These programs are managed by the state, and the amount of assistance and how it is supplied varies according to income and family size . Though these programs are meant to help temporarily, poor people decide to become comfortable with not having to do too much. Government assistance helps, but it also allows people to make a choice to become lazy and unwilling to work. They then, find ways to scheme the system and boast about it. The government may not offer a lot per individual, but something to be thought about is this, if more â€Å"needy† people used government assistance programs for what they were set in place for, instead of robbing it, there would be more money allocated for those needed it, instead of those who are just used to having it. An indigent person becoming complacent with what they are given keeps them right where they are. Finally, the revolving door that most perpetuates poverty is a teens decision to have a baby. Babies having babies before they have education and experience put their children at risk of having the same hardships they’ve had to endure . Once a child has a child they are then faced with financial, emotional and physical limitations that they have not been able to yet master themselves. The fathers of these babies are often absent and in most cases too young to provide for a child, which leaves the mother looking to welfare as a means for support. When babies arrive mothers are forced to put everything, including school, on hold. And because child care is an ongoing job, young mommies don’t make to college until later on in life, if at all. Once teen pregnancy rates are lowered, a drastic change will be noticed in the poverty rates. In the journal article, Class Matters, David Leonhardt, a correspondent for the New York Times, interviewed Any Blevins, a southwest Virginia native. Blevins stated, a decade after the fac,t that the biggest decision he regrets, was not going to college. All because he was complacent with what he had at the time. He now has a child and a wife that he can barely support. Even with having a high school diploma and waiting to have his son, Lucas, at more appropriate age, Blevins now sees how his decisions in the past have greatly impacted his present and his family’s future. More parents need to make their children aware of how bad choices at an early age, will affect them later on in life, if their hope is for their children to do better than they did. Everyone makes mistakes, but some have such a profound impact that they effect the generations to come.

Poopp

â€Å"Should he order this devastating bomb to be dropped on Japan, a nation so close to defeat? ‘ (Stein 40). Perhaps this was President Trauma's most agonizing and most difficult decision of his life. Japan s plans to expand, led it to attack Pearl Harbor in December 1941 (US History World War II). This invasion made World War II an unavoidable event for the United States. The surprise offense on Hawaii made this country aware of the strength and power that Japan held.Ironically, a fair number of people urged President Truman not to employ the weapon because of the possible civilian deaths it could cause. These people were unaware of the three-million man army and a civilian population determined to fight until death that Japan had (Stein 40), without a doubt not a â€Å"nation so close to defeat†. Those who criticized the bomb had very little understanding of the type of war that America was brought Into. Numerous strategies on how to convince Japan to surrender were considered. In July, 1945, the atomic bomb became available.After a great amount of time contemplating, President Truman eventually decided to command the use of the atomic bombs. The explosives were dropped on two cities of military significance, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first city to be attacked was Hiroshima, on August 4th, 1945. This area of land is located in Japan's Inland Sea, on the main island, Honshu. This target for the first atomic weapon to be used was where the second general army was headquartered. Three days following the first drop of explosives, there was still no reply from Japan.On August 9th, America decided to repeat the process. The second primary target was a city with the name of Koura, which held a huge army arsenal (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). Thick clouds prevented the bombing on Koura, so the American navy resorted to their second choice of area, Nagasaki. This city Is located on Shush, an Island In Japan, and Included a port with naval installati ons. Despite arguments that still go on today, one can discover by research that the use of the explosives was undoubtedly appropriate and the most promising method to end the war.Japan is known for having much strength when it comes to war effort. With this, one can better understand why the bomb was needed to prevent the cost of American lives. Though there was much concern about the Japanese casualties, the dropping of the atomic bombs can be seen as a reasonable act of revenge on account of previous occurrences with Japan. The Japanese military was indispensably strict. Indubitably, victory was extremely substantial. But more than victory was the religious nature of Japanese war effort.Relatives, ancestors, and the emperor of the land were to be highly respected, much more respect than the typical American expresses towards his or her family. Every Japanese soldier Is, If anything, expected to die with honor. Any man who surrenders on the battlefield Is en as a pessimist by show ing disrespect to his country, family, and ruler. A very surrender. It is known that there have been frequent mass suicides among Japanese troops that occurred during and after losing battles. Japanese soldiers who were seized were usually approached poorly.Captured men were accounted as animals and not treated like humans. Numerous of Japanese have died or committed suicide in past losing battles, but that does not mean that they failed to try. Unquestionably, Japan consistently striver for victory, gave all their strength, and was over prepared for many battles. The country fought until the last man. Even the wounded were supplied with two hand grenades. â€Å"One was to kill an enemy soldier, including enemy medical staff, who approached them, and the other was to kill themselves rather than endure the shame of being captured alive† (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable).This act demonstrates how the Japan military was overenthusiastic and brutal. These would have been the troops America would have faced if President Truman had opposed the atomic bombs and decided to side with a Japan land invasion. Ultimately, the United States sufficiently weakened the Japanese promise of â€Å"fighting o the last man† when they surrendered. Destroying the country's words was Just one method to demolish Japan's power to make war and another reason why showing America's technological power by dropping two atomic bombs was appropriate.The decision to elect the explosives was extremely logical when thinking about the prevented American lives. President Harry Truman contemplated on an abundance of strategies to convince Japan to surrender. His first option was to continue what was previously ordered in Japan. Heavy bombing on Japan cities already existed, but the explosives would be intensified. Also, the Soviet Union, an ally in defeating Germany, was supposedly Joining the war with Japan. The president considered anticipating until the Soviet Union got involved, and p ossibly Japan would surrender without a catastrophe.Next, Truman thought it was worth a try bargaining Japan's surrender and allowing them to keep their emperor, Horopito, on his throne. The last method was a land invasion. According to the president, â€Å"each posed serious military, political, and diplomatic risks†(Scholastic Upfront Bomb Debate). Certainly, the forth option would have been intensely unfortunate for the United States of America. â€Å"An invasion of Japan's home islands would risk one-million American battle casualties† (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). In July, 1945, the atomic bomb became available.This seemed to be the most assuring way the war would end, but at the same time, President Truman was in a predicament because of such world controversy over whether the explosive was suitable. In the end, the president's decision showed that â€Å"the bombing was necessary to accomplish Trauma's objectives of forcing a prompt Japanese surrender and savi ng perhaps thousands of Americans' lives† (Scholastic Upfront Bomb Debate). Though this was not the purpose of dropping the bombs, the atomic explosives scattered over Japan can rationally be seen as an act of revenge.The Japanese was the reason behind America being brought into World War II, simply because of their attack on Pearl Harbor. The offense was without warning and a great amount of Americans died, including civilians. The number of American causalities from the attack was extremely ignominious compared to the insignificant amount of Japanese deaths. For those who side with the atomic bombs, the Pearl Harbor attack was another reason they believed the Orrville actions the Japanese have done to hurt the United of America.In a radio broadcast, following the dropping of the atomic bombs, Truman mentioned a few of Japan's negative efforts. Speaking about the explosive, President Truman said, â€Å"We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Ha rbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, and against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare† (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). Perhaps after the bombs were dropped, Truman felt a bit regretful of his commands.After attaining and stating those words, it is obvious that the president felt that he had decided on the correct choice. One can only believe that he pondered on the fact that he once had difficulty on deciding something that was so obvious when he recalled past issues with Japan. American considered plenty of ways for Japan to surrender. American even offered a few of these ways as choices to Japan. One would think that any alternative would be chosen over war, but this was irrelevant to Japan. As mentioned before, the Japanese belief was to â€Å"fight to the last man†, and that is what the country had planned to do.Others believe Japan was waiting in hopes of securing better su rrender terms (Scholastic Upfront Bomb Debate), but on July 28th, 1945, the Prime Minister of Japan, Suzuki, ignored the Potsdam Declaration. The Potsdam Declaration gave Japan an opportunity to surrender without war (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). â€Å"President Truman warned Japanese leaders that they must surrender or, ‘†¦ They may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth† (Stein 41). This was the president's method of getting Japan to understand that if there was no surrender, then there will be war, there will be revenge.In conclusion, Japan did surrender eventually, on August 14th. In the city of Hiroshima, an estimated amount of 60,000 people were killed. Over in Nagasaki, approximately 40,000 lives were taken, and relatively 60,000 injured. The bomb radiation would result in leaving many survivors with possible cancer, cataracts, genetic, life-shortening, and fertility effects. Perhaps these results were an ex tra force for Japan's surrender, along with the entry of the Soviet Union. Regardless of deaths, effects, and injuries done to Japan, the atomic weapons were unquestionably required to end World War II.The Japanese have plenty courage and strength in their war effort that it was certain that they weren't going to surrender. During the time of refusing and ignoring America's quest to compromise and perhaps arrange some sort of deal for the country to surrender, Japan was undoubtedly preparing for a fight to the death as a nation (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). With this in mind, the bombs were a fortunate thing when the possible amount of American deaths resulting from a land invasion is apprehended. If the explosives weren't dropped, Japan would have control of the war.

Auspices and Guises

Auspices and Guises Auspices and Guises Auspices and Guises By Maeve Maddox In an interview with Palestinian film-maker Hany Abu-Assad about his film Omar, NPR’s Rachel Martin made the following statement: He [Omar] goes there [to the other side of a wall that separates him from his sweetheart] under the auspices of planning some kind of attack with Nadia’s brother† The context implies that planning the attack is a subterfuge for Omar, an excuse to be with Nadia. Martin’s use of the expression â€Å"under the auspices of† is inappropriate in this context. Auspices is one of those words we inherited from ancient Roman religion. In ancient Rome, the auspex observed the flight of birds for the purpose of obtaining an omen from the gods. The work of the auspex was known as â€Å"taking the auspices.† When the auspices were favorable, people proceeded with whatever enterprise they were planning, confident of success. In modern usage, auspices has come to mean â€Å"patronage.† It refers to influence exerted by a person or organization on behalf of an undertaking. This patronage usually spells the difference between success and failure. Here are some examples of the usage: Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he [Christopher Columbus] completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Extended Participation in General Multilateral Treaties concluded under the auspices of the League of Nations (title of a monograph) For the first time in nearly 50 years, the Commonwealth’s scientists are coming together under the auspices of the Royal Society for a groundbreaking conference â€Å"In the guise of† is probably the expression the NPR interviewer was reaching for. Worded both as â€Å"in the guise of† and â€Å"under the guise of,† the expression means â€Å"an assumed appearance or pretense.† The expression can be used to mean simply â€Å"dressed as† or â€Å"disguised as†; for example, one might go to a costume party â€Å"in the guise of Cinderella.† More often, the pretense is intended to deceive: If Tyranny and Oppression come to this land, it will be in the guise of fighting a foreign enemy. –James Madison Mr. Fox befriended Jemima Puddle Duck in the guise of a friendly neighbor. Urban Shield exists under the guise of fighting terrorism and â€Å"disaster preparedness† in heavily-populated areas. Protestors stormed a McDonald’s franchise demanding justice for an employee they say was fired under the guise of feeding the homeless, but was really let go for political reasons. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsBest Websites to Learn EnglishA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

Factoring Review Essays

Factoring Review Essays Factoring Review Essay Factoring Review Essay Factoring Mixed Review Part I: Factoring Completely Factoring Completely – The process of factoring multiple times until a number or expression cannot be further factored. Review: Step 1: First look for a GCF. Factor using the GCF method, if possible. Step 2: Look inside the parentheses Check for the Difference of Two Perfect Squares (DOTS) OR Factor the trinomial into the product of two binomials Directions: Factor each of the following expressions completely. 1) 4x + 8y |2) 32 48 |3) 23 – 50x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |4) 23 – 22 – 12x |5) 32 – 18x + 24 |6) x4 81 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |7) [pic] |8) [pic] |9) [pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |10) [pic] |11) [pic] |12) [pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part II: Greatest Common Factor (GCF) Review: Step 1: Pull out the GCF and open parentheses Step 2: Divide each term of the expression by the GCF and place in parentheses Directions: Factor each of the following using the Greatest Common Factor 74 – 14xy |14) 3ab2 – 6a2b |15) 53 + 6xy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |16) 12x7y – 4xy |17) 81r3s – 9 |18) xyz + 3x2y2z2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part III: Difference of Two Perfect Squares (DOTS) Review:Step 1: Open two sets of parentheses (one with a +, one with a ) Step 2: Take the square root of each term and place them inside parentheses Directions: Factor each of the following expressions using The Difference of Two Perfect Squares |19) x2 – 225 |20) x4 – 49 |21) 100 – x6 |22) 162 25 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |23) 258 – 144y2 |24) 4b2 – 169y2 |25) x4 – y2 |26) x2 + 49 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part IV: Factoring Trinomials (Product Sum or PS) Review: ax2 + bx + cStep 1: Find two numbers that multiply to c AND also add to b Step 2: Place them in the parentheses in the blanks (x ___) (x___) with + for positive numbers and – for negative numbers Directions: Factor each of the following trinomials. | | | | |27) y2 + 6y + 5 |28) x2 9x + 20 |29) x2 + 7x + 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |30) m2 -2m 15 |31) x2 + 6x + 8 |32) x2 + 9x -36 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Antebellum America Essay Example for Free

Antebellum America Essay Regions are specializing The period of time in America before the civil war proved to bring out the specialties in each region. The West brought America true farming and allowed livestock to succeed. The eastern part of America prevailed in industrialization, creating many cities and businesses. The southern part of the United States was the dominated by slavery, plantains, and growing cotton. America had many skills but these talents were not mixed well, and each region had its very own specialty. The west began expanding at an extremely fast rate, and the best use for the land as to provide food for America. Livestock began to take over the West, and helped providing America with many animals. The west looked to provide for America by growing plants, due to the very fertile soil. The west quickly became known as the nation’s â€Å"breadbasket†. The sold animals and crops to America, and this westward expansion developed a talent that America craved. The west played a role in the antebellum period of America, but didn’t nearly touch the relationship issues between the east and south. The northeastern states of America were advancing in their talent of industry. Textile mills flourished and business became widely known in the east of the Unites States. The east contained eighty-one percent of America’s industrial capacity, and this specialization of industry continued in antebellum America. The big industry, business, and many opportunities brought many people to the north east. As a result, many families and people came to start a business of their own. The northeast gained many supporters due to its business attraction, an important factor in the nearby Civil War. This industry sparked a talent in America that only the east could accomplish. Antebellum America. (2018, Nov 02).

Coming to America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coming to America - Essay Example In â€Å"Coming to America†, Byron has discussed his journey from Ireland to America. Byron immigrated to America from Ireland in 1901. That was a time when people used to travel by ships. Byron starts with the discussion of the poor lifestyle he had in Ireland before he resolved to immigrate to America. He had less to eat and no good place to live in. He spent the life of a poor man. Then he decided to immigrate to America as he saw it as a means to enhance his standard of living. After a three week journey in the ship, he arrived in America and got settled in New York. With due effort and uninterrupted search, Byron managed to find a job in one of the largest trucking operations in the world; the REA express. Byron worked in this company for 46 years. During these years, Byron got married with an American lady, Mary Hardy, and raised five children; three of his own and two of his sister who had passed away. â€Å"The reason I wanted to come to America was that America gave me the opportunity to make my own home, make a living, have freedom of speech, and many, many more wonderful things that only exist here† (Byron). Both authors share multiple aspects in their assessment of America as a land of opportunities. Both authors see America as a place that has to offer a lot of opportunities in terms of employment and a high standard of living. The strongest words that both the authors have made use of to emphasize upon the opulence which can be enjoyed in America are that in addition to naming particular things that can be acquired in America, they have given this aspect an infinite dimension in these words, â€Å"many, many more† (Byron) and â€Å"more than you share†

Schubert Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Schubert - Research Paper Example After that he taught in his father’s school for few years but he never forgot his first love –that is music. During the time he was involved in teaching, he also composed several songs and two symphonies. He also gave music to his first written song â€Å"Gretchen am Spinnrade†, which later on became a masterpiece (Anderson, 2003). Wong (2011), in his writing analyzes the work of Schubert that enrich the world music. In his study, he pointed out his composition Trauerwalzer (or Sehnsuchtswalzer). Out of Schubert’s 36 waltzes compositions in Op. 9, this composition was the only one with a name assigned to it. This tune was common for all in Vienna and around since 1820. The original date of composition of this song was unknown but according to him the tentative year was 1816, when Schubert was 19 years old and not even famous.by, 1820 the composition got enough attention and very soon several renowned composers started to make a different version of this. A ccording to Wong, in the 19th century, a different name was associated with waltz†Beethoven†. In 1826, Trauerwalzer was mixed with another waltz composition and published as â€Å"Le Desir† and it was attributed to Beethoven. In his review, he described Schubert’s Op. 9 sets of composition as â€Å"little genii† , those† weave a web of fragrant airy threads†. ... (1999) in his study related to Schubert’s work, discussed the depth in his music.According to his analysis, the length of the music composed by Schubert did not sound boring as the compositions were translated into a sense of expectation and space . This space was there in his every creation from every angle. According to him the spaces in his music were subjective and imaginary, that makes his work more interesting. In his composition, sudden and minute changes in key, gave the impression like instant transformation into another realm. The intensity and the rapidness , which were associated with those changes make his work even more relaxed mood. According to Burnham,the themes of Schubert’s compositions were apparitions of truth. In his opinion, the power of any artist to capture their own image along with the feeling, when any composting like the same was already existing was a hard thing to do, but Schubert’s composition was able to do that easily. He did not make any changes to the composition which were already there, but adding something new to it like harmonic shock light up the composition every repeated time. The original value of his composition was not only confined to its growth or development, but it is the material itself which makes it so special (Burnham, 1999, p.2). According to Song (2012), the compositions of Schubert’s , mainly the piano compositions, were too long, with less formal coherence, and unpianistic. According to him, due to the above mentioned points his work was ineffective for any public gathering. In his writing, he mentioned Schubert’s work as potpourri and consist of random arrangement of some beautiful themes without being interconnected. In his writing he quoted â€Å"The survival of the theme as the theme is guaranteed by

Satire in The Canterbury Tales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Satire in The Canterbury Tales - Essay Example This is not the picture one gets with the description of the Monk who is presented as being rebellious and living a self-pleasing lifestyle not caring about what a true monk should practice. He is presented as someone whose pastime activities includes hunting hares and riding his horses instead of dedicating significant time of his life to studying, praying, and working for the society. The Monk’s character and actions stand in stark contrast to the rules of the monastery which forbids the monks from leaving the monastery, hunting and leading a reckless life. The monks chooses to disobey these rules as seen in Chaucer’s assertion that "He yaf nought of that text a pulled hen† (Greenblatt, Greenblatt, Abrams and Christ 85). Elsewhere, Chaucer also notes the Monk’s habit when it is noted "Of priking and of hunting for the hare was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare"(191-192) which implies the Monk breaks these rules because they stand in the way of the t hings he loves. The way of Monks dressing is also satirized based on his break from traditional attire used by monks. Instead of wearing the plain habits with hoods which are the usual attire, the Monk chooses to put on one with gray fur on the sleeves of his cope and a gold pin with a love knot at the end of the hood. Chaucer describes the Monk as: This shows the Monk’s break from tradition where instead of being concerned with the poor in society, he spends his resources on accessories and the best attire. The description of the Monk based also indicates someone who does not fit into a religious lifestyle where instead of having the gold pin, the Monk was supposed to have a rosary. While being â€Å"lord ful fat† indicates a contrast from the expectation that monks should be lean due to constant fasting which might also proves he did not participate in these religious

Terrorism Enforcement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Terrorism Enforcement - Research Paper Example Also, enforced sentences on international terrorists is not impressive given that by May 2006, the average sentence for individuals convicted dropped to 20 days from the prior 41 months. Terrorism Enforcement: 9/11 Aftermath Introduction September 11 is a day that marked great changes in relation to terrorism enforcement especially in the USA. A few months after the 9/11 event, the then Bush administration and Congress worked closely in putting up vital adjustments to the Department of Homeland security. The private and public sector agreed to work together where federal agents and airport security staff performed searches to individuals for explosives and weapons which could be used for terrorism activities. The then president of the United States of America issued secret orders to intensify surveillance programs headed by the National Security Agency (NSA). In the same period, the congress worked indefatigably to establish laws to enable terrorism enforcement. Majority of these law s controlled the flow of legal and illegal immigrants and visitors to the US as well as establishing systems critical to preventing terrorism. The following paper looks into the legal side of terrorism enforcement largely inspired by the act of terrorism in September 9th 2001 in the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. After 9/11, categories of terrorists were increased. This was done to enhance effective information gathering and analysis as terrorism enforcement is sort out for. The new bookkeeping system is aimed at diversifying activities of anti-terrorism as well as checking kinds of terrorism. The US government has categorized a considerably large number of individuals as terrorists and antiterrorists. The following table show categorized individuals between 2001 after the attacks and 2006. Source: Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC, 2006) Federal prosecutors resolved that 64% of the total set of completions do not deserve prosecution. An addit ional 9% of the completions were either found not guilty or their cases were dismissed after prosecution. This means that approximately 27% of the total sets of completion were convicted. This statistics leads to a conclusion that of the total set of 6,472 people categorized as antiterrorist or terrorist, only one-fifth of the total number were convicted by 2006 since the 9/11 attacks. The table below shows the actual anti-terrorism and terrorism categories. Source: Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC, 2006) The low rate of success in achieving conviction can be clearly seen by the attainment of only 1329 convictions from the 6472 individuals categorized by terrorism enforcement agencies. A look at the nature of convictions raises an even more interesting picture. Approximately one percent (14 individuals) of all convictions bares a substantial sentence of 20 and above years. 67 individuals received penalties of sentences longer or equal to 5 years. This represents only 5% of the total set of completions. It is worth noting that the rest of the individuals received minor convictions: 704 individuals were not imprisoned while 327 of the remaining had imprisonment periods less than a year. Simply put, the median imprisonment figure was zero. Countering International Terrorism Trends After the 9/11 attacks, an international terrorist was defined as â€Å"an individual suspected of having been involved in acts that are violent

The Role of Women During World War II Research Paper

The Role of Women During World War II - Research Paper Example However, the high adulation that women have today as the equal of men did not always exist. The Suffragette era saw women fighting to have equal rights and opportunities with their male counterparts. But just like everything else in this world, time and circumstance forced a change in that point of view. When World War II rolled along, the United States government saw shortage in the workforce that has never been equaled since. The only solution to that problem at the time? Hire women to do the job of men. They were the most viable option. They were, the only option. Although the government and the business sector had qualms about hiring women in the workforce, most specially women who were mothers with little children, the existence of huge government contracts in the industrial field of automotive, aviation, and other sectors developed a shortage of workers due to the high volume of men leaving the workforce in order to join the war time efforts of the country. Coupled with the men leaving for war was the fact that the country was gripped by the Great Depression which forced some men out of jobs. With the lessened financial drawing power of the head of the household, most wives and mothers saw it fit to do their part in helping to support their family. So off to work they went. Women became such a huge and integral part of the workforce that the statistics from that era proves that they held important jobs and more than made up for the lack of men in the workforce. Doing jobs that were once reserved only for the brawn of men prior to the changes that wartime brought about (â€Å"Women in World War II†): The entry of married women into the work place caused their percentage of total female employment to grow 28% from 1929 to 1940, particularly women in the 25 to 44 age group increased 13.8%. In total, 50% of the women in the nonagricultural labour force were employed by the clerical and service sectors of the economy, they encompassed the majority of ur ban working-class women. It did not come as a surprise to many that the women who entered the workforce did so successfully during the time. The great sex divide among men and women of the era had the women forcibly relegated to the background, staying at home to tend to the needs of the family. Proir to the war, any woman who was seen as part of the workforce was frowned upon and shunned by men. However, just like all mindsets, the time was ripe for the change in the mindset of the working man when it came to the working woman. The forced expansion in the labor workforce offered the female sector of society a boost in their campaign for equal rights. The government got a boost from the entry of the female workforce who became the backbone of the American economy during the simultanuous battles against Hitler in Europe and Japan in Asia. World War II afforded the women a chance to sieze an opportunity to work in new jobs, learn new skills, and explore new opportunities (â€Å"Partn ers in Winning the War: American Women in World War II†). Although women were truly a â€Å"secret weapon† for the country during the war, the traditionalists in society could not help but worry about what repercussions their serious entry into the workforce would have on the American family dynamic. More specifically, what effect would having a working mother have on the children of the time? Their worry was based on the traditional point of view that saw the women as the beacon of light and guidance in the home without whom its younger members would fall astray. Although there was a small percentage of juvenile delinquency during the time, most of the children of the era knew that there was a battle raging overrseas and their mothers were part of

Nike Just Do it advertising campaign analysis Essay

Nike Just Do it advertising campaign analysis - Essay Example Major trends in marketing Global marketing has witnessed several trends that have revolutionized the ways companies inform and persuade customers to start using their products and services. One of the trends is the shift from mass media advertising to specialized media that caters for personalized consumption patterns and segmentation of the market in terms of income levels, tastes and preferences (Batra, Myers and Aaker, 2009). In this case, Just Do it campaign initially focused on the mass market through appealing to target audience regardless of income, age, and sporting activities. However, Nike shifted the campaign to niche markets such as athletics sports, football and young generation who prefer fitness through seeking celebrity endorsements (Batra, Myers and Aaker, 2009). Another trend is the use of data-based marketing as opposed to focus marketing thus Nike has shifted its efforts to market research activities that aim at identifying the consumer incomes changes, changes in tastes and preferences (Shah, K & D’Souza, 2009). Accordingly, the internet and new media channels like YouTube, direct marketing through e-mails and digital platforms like twitter and online discussion forums have enabled Nike to cut its advertising costs on traditional media and focus on new media channels that elicit high feedback and interest among consumers. Web-based marketing has enabled companies to reach the global market due to instance response and its ability to elicit responses. Another major trend in marketing is the event marketing that entails face-to-face conversations via trade shows, live events and corporate meetings (Carbasho, 2010). Nike uses several sporting events to... This essay " Nike ‘Just Do it† advertising campaign" analyze Nike's commercial and why it become so successful. Nike aimed at attaining several objectives with the ad campaign. First, the company wanted to gain brand awareness and recognition during the fitness craze in order to gain market share in the American market. Accordingly, the company aspired to create good relations with potential consumers through providing inspiring messages and encouraging consumers to pursue their dreams. At the same time, Nike was geared at informing the consumers of the benefits of fitness, sports and benefits that could be derived from purchasing Nike’s athletic shoes and sporting apparel. Accordingly, the use of the slogan in merchandise such as school bags and jumpers was geared at creating primary demand for the non-sport and Nike-related commodity market through demonstrating the value of Nike products. Advertising aims at positioning the product in order to create a distincti ve impression on the minds of the consumers and assign an intangible value to the brand. Accordingly, Just Do It ad aimed at linking the social lifestyle in America with the brand’s image through making consumers understand Nike cares for their health and wellbeing. In addition, Nike aimed at winning back the previous customers who had shifted to competitors like Adidas and minimise the existing negative attitudes towards Nike products). Nike sought to build brand loyalty in a friendly manner and increase sales among the existing consumers.

The Role of Women During World War II Research Paper

The Role of Women During World War II - Research Paper Example However, the high adulation that women have today as the equal of men did not always exist. The Suffragette era saw women fighting to have equal rights and opportunities with their male counterparts. But just like everything else in this world, time and circumstance forced a change in that point of view. When World War II rolled along, the United States government saw shortage in the workforce that has never been equaled since. The only solution to that problem at the time? Hire women to do the job of men. They were the most viable option. They were, the only option. Although the government and the business sector had qualms about hiring women in the workforce, most specially women who were mothers with little children, the existence of huge government contracts in the industrial field of automotive, aviation, and other sectors developed a shortage of workers due to the high volume of men leaving the workforce in order to join the war time efforts of the country. Coupled with the men leaving for war was the fact that the country was gripped by the Great Depression which forced some men out of jobs. With the lessened financial drawing power of the head of the household, most wives and mothers saw it fit to do their part in helping to support their family. So off to work they went. Women became such a huge and integral part of the workforce that the statistics from that era proves that they held important jobs and more than made up for the lack of men in the workforce. Doing jobs that were once reserved only for the brawn of men prior to the changes that wartime brought about (â€Å"Women in World War II†): The entry of married women into the work place caused their percentage of total female employment to grow 28% from 1929 to 1940, particularly women in the 25 to 44 age group increased 13.8%. In total, 50% of the women in the nonagricultural labour force were employed by the clerical and service sectors of the economy, they encompassed the majority of ur ban working-class women. It did not come as a surprise to many that the women who entered the workforce did so successfully during the time. The great sex divide among men and women of the era had the women forcibly relegated to the background, staying at home to tend to the needs of the family. Proir to the war, any woman who was seen as part of the workforce was frowned upon and shunned by men. However, just like all mindsets, the time was ripe for the change in the mindset of the working man when it came to the working woman. The forced expansion in the labor workforce offered the female sector of society a boost in their campaign for equal rights. The government got a boost from the entry of the female workforce who became the backbone of the American economy during the simultanuous battles against Hitler in Europe and Japan in Asia. World War II afforded the women a chance to sieze an opportunity to work in new jobs, learn new skills, and explore new opportunities (â€Å"Partn ers in Winning the War: American Women in World War II†). Although women were truly a â€Å"secret weapon† for the country during the war, the traditionalists in society could not help but worry about what repercussions their serious entry into the workforce would have on the American family dynamic. More specifically, what effect would having a working mother have on the children of the time? Their worry was based on the traditional point of view that saw the women as the beacon of light and guidance in the home without whom its younger members would fall astray. Although there was a small percentage of juvenile delinquency during the time, most of the children of the era knew that there was a battle raging overrseas and their mothers were part of

Common Traits of the Filipinos Essay Example for Free

Common Traits of the Filipinos Essay Common Traits It is difficult to define and ascertain the very core of what it is to be a Filipino. History tells us that the Filipinos as we know now had an untraceable origin. All that we can do now is to determine the common traits that are common to all of the Filipinos. Common traits among Filipinos can be traced throughout its existence, from the pre-colonial era up to the present era that we have now. There is something that is particularly common and at the same time unique from among all of us as oppose to different races from Asia. And from this point of view we can depart and establish in some commonalities what it is to be a Filipino which is unique in particular throughout Asia and in general throughout the world. A. Hospitality One of the common traits of a Filipino is the word Hospitality. Hospitality comes from the Latin word, â€Å"Hospes†meaning â€Å"Host†, â€Å"guest†, or â€Å"stranger†. Hospes is formed from hostis, which means â€Å"stranger† or â€Å"enemy† which is synonymous to hostility. In a nutshell, Hospitality means welcoming the guest, stranger, or even the enemy into your own house. According to Derrida there two(2) types of hospitality, the first one is Conditional Hospitality, and the second one is the Absolute Hospitality. In the vernacular language, Conditional Hospitality means, you welcome the stranger, guest, or even the hostile within the bounds of condition e. g like they should only sleep in the master bedroom and only sleep in the couch or sala, they cannot go into the bedroom or they should not touch anything. In other words, they are bound to certain restrictions. On the other hand, in contrast to Conditional Hospitality, Absolute hospitality is a form of welcoming the other with open arms up to the point of embracing the other unconditionally. Absolute hospitality knows no boundaries, in fact, welcoming the other might be dangerous because this other’s personality is unascertainable, maybe he is a convict or any other psychopath but absolute hospitality will welcome any other stranger that will knock into your own homes even if such stranger would kill you. And this Absolute hospitality is the kind of hospitality that is present and predominant among Filipinos, this is a kind of hospitality that is selfless at its purest up to the point of even sacrificing his own family just for the sake of the visitor or guest. And this was clearly depicted by the historian Teodoro A. Agoncillo when he wrote that: â€Å"Perhaps you happen to drop in at an unholy hour of the day or night. Sensing that you are hungry, he prepares the best food for you, ignoring the fact that there would not be enough for the next supper for his family. Meanwhile, he gives you something with which you could eat whiles away your time. You hear him or his wife puttering about the kitchen desperately hurrying up the preparation of the food in order not to keep you waiting. There is always a sense of urgency in his movements, for he does not want to inconvenience you. He makes you feel that he is honored by your invasion of his privacy at an unholy hour of the night. † This Absolute hospitality is the one that is being misunderstood by foreigners, especially by the Spanish colonizers, who thought that such trait is an embodiment of inferiority and obsequiousness. And only that such trait is also prone to abuses made up by the Foreign colonizers which proceeded to tell their hearers that they fell victims to the wiles of the Filipino women. B. Close Family ties The family is one of the oldest and most important social institutions on earth in it is the basic institution of the government, all starts from and within the family it is the primordial institution of our society. With this, it is noteworthy to mention Anthropologist Margaret Mead,she based her research and affirmed the centrality of the nuclear family in human society. She said: â€Å"As far back as our knowledge takes us, human beings have lived in families. We know of no period when this was not so. We know of no people who have succeeded for long in dissolving the family or displacing it†¦ Again and again, in spite of proposals for change and actual experiments, human societies have reaffirmed their dependence on the family as the basic unit of human living—the family of father, mother and children. ’’ In consonance with such research, one of the traits among Filipinos is its close family ties because even up to time immemorial Filipinos are still dependent and interdependent with their families, that even some are already at the age of 40 and having produced so many kids, his existence is still closely related to his Parents. Parents up to the end of the adolescent period of their sons or daughters still have the capacity to support and even provided sustenance to their own sons or daughters. Unlike in foreign countries, particularly in the U. S wherein the their sons or daughters have achieved the age of 18, they are already free to go out of the boundaries of their home and eventually establish a life outside the reach of their family, they can already rent their own apartment and have a job. Which is particularly remote to the traits of a Filipino, if such person was allowed by their parents to live in own life and establish his own stance then eventually such Family would be treated or lookup upon with unbecoming eyes, like such parents is not a worthy parent to father their own child. In Filipino Family, it ordinarily consist of the grandparents, the parents and the children. The Father is the head of the family, but while he rules, the mother governs. For it is the mother that reigns in the home, she is the educator, the financial officer, the accountant, the censor, the laundry woman, and the cook. But above the ruler and the governor are the grandparents, who opinions and decisions on all important matters are sought. Will a newborn child be baptized? The grandparents are consulted and what they say carries much weight. It is the grandparents that have the last word from every decision that the family would make, would they consult a doctor in case the child or sick? The answer depends on the grandparents since they would prefer a herbolario (herb doctor) It is in their experience that will go against any written knowledge that their sons and daughters have achieved, it is with experience that they will use to override you knowledge. And besides such characteristics, one of the predominant characters of the Family is its hierarchical status, since the Philippines is a predominantly catholic country, the impact of such religions echoes even up to the deepest depth of the Family which is embodied in its patriarchal stance. Every decision if you would not be consulted with the grandparent should be consulted with the Father, and nothing more nothing else. The mother may have to say many things, but if the head of the family started to talk then it is the end of the line for is words, would be the law and only the prevailing law of every family. C. Respect for the elders In addition to the power of the grandparents, every grandparents should be treated with respect in all kinds of behavior towards them. In casual conversation, the should be an additional words of respect like â€Å"po† and â€Å"opo. † It is unthinkable for a Filipino do utter words of ingratitude to their elderly. If in other country, they just call their elderly in their own names as oppose to the Filipinos which they approach their elderly in a courteous manner characterized by words of gratitude and respect. And the respect for the elderly includes respect for the elder sister and brother. It is the responsibility of the elder brother to perform the duties of the father and mother to the younger members of the family. One finds that among Filipino family the elder brother or sister sacrifice his career for the sake of the young ones who must have an education. Even after his marriage, the elder brother sets aside a small part of his salary for his younger brother and sisters. The latter, in turn, are expected to look up to their elder brother with awe and respect. Kissing the hands of the parents and old relatives or neighbors as a sign of respect is extended to the elder brother or sister. Among â€Å"old† and â€Å"respectable families,† even cousins kiss the hands of their elder cousins as a sign of respect. D. Fatalistic Filipinos are intrinsically fatalistic. Fatalism is defined as a doctrine that events are fixed in advance so that human beings are powerless to change them. In other words, everything is determined, it is a doctrine that amplifies the subjugation of all events or actions to fate. Philosophically, fatalism generally refer to these ideas, that humans are powerless to do anything other than we can actually do, e. g the power to influence the future which is very similar to pre-determinsm. An attitude of resignation in the face of some future event or events which are thought to be inevitable, that actions are free, but nevertheless work toward an inevitable end, and lastly that acceptance is appropriate, rather than against inevitability. These fatalism is best symbolized in the phrase â€Å"Bahalana,† a phrase that defies translation but which may be rendered loosely as â€Å"come what may. † Can you go through that wall of fire? Bahalana. Are you sure you can convince him to give up his plan of leaving home? Bahalana. There are dangers ahead, Bahalana. Such fatalism has bred in the Filipino a sense of resignation. It is tis that he faces disaster or tragedy with resignation. HE appears indifferent in the face of graft and corruption. He appears impassive in the face of personal misfortune. Yet this â€Å"Bahalana† attitude prevents him from being a crackpot. E. Loyalty As Joyce Mayanrd puts it, â€Å"A person who deserves my loyalty receives it. † Loyalty is defined as a faithfulness or devotion to a person, country, group or cause. For Josiah Joyce loyalty is the willing and practical and thoroughgoing devotion of a person to a cause. The cause has to be an objective one. It cannot be ones personal self. It is something external to oneself that one looks outward to the world to find, and that cannot be found within. It concerns not ones own person, but other people. The devotion is active, a surrendering of ones self-will to the cause, that one loves. Moreover, according to Royce, loyalty is social. Loyalty to a cause unites the many fellow-servants of that cause, binding them together in their service. That is why loyalty to a friend or benefactor is one trait that is very strong with every Filipino. Do him a little favor and he remembers you to the ends of his days. And such trait is best described and characterized as â€Å"utangnaloob. † For the Filipino, friendship is sacred and implies mutual help under any circumstances. A friend is expected to come to the aid not only of personal friend but also to the friend’s family. That is why when the Americans gave their help to oust the Japanese imperial army here in the Philippines, such help was inculcated to every minds of the Filipino people and throughout the history books, the such a friend help you in such detrimental situation. For the Filipino, it is hardly conceivable that the United States should turn out to be an ingrate, knowing that they stood by her in the darkest hour. Such attitude is beyond the comprehension of the Americans, for the latter understands of friendship is different from that of the Filipino. The American is ruthlessly businesslike and will not allow sentimentalism to stand in the way of fulfilling his destiny or objective. This â€Å"ruthlessness† the Filipino does not understand. Thus, it can be considered as a misplaced loyalty, which is an unreciprocated loyalty, because the Americans would only be loyal only to such an end that it will satisfy their desires and needs, and as long as they are being benefited with such they would not care if such things would be treated as sentimental as the Filipino’s see as it is. F. Tendency to be indolent For Luc de Clapiers â€Å"Indolence is the sleep of the mind. † It is a state where the body and mind of a person is idle. Nothing innovative to do nor to say. This trait is common to every Filipino, as Rizal explained, the Filipinos has this tendency to be indolent as the result of the tropical climate which makes even the Westerner indolent in these parts of the paradise. But aside from the warm climate, indolence may partly explained by the abundance with which Nature has endowed the country, a fact which makes the Filipino exert less effort in the belief that he does not have to work hard to make both ends meet. Then too because of the close family and personal ties, the Filipino is assured of three square meals every day if only e would have the nerve to go from one relative to another. He knows that no relative or friend would turn him out and so he imposes himself on his willing or unwilling victims. G. Jealousy For Lawrence Durrell, â€Å"it is not love that is blind, but jealousy. † One of the trait of a Filipino is the feeling of being jealous. For every Filipino does not look with favor on a woman who flirts with several men. To him the sweet heart’s or the wife’s eyes are meant only form him and for no other. Even his closest friend cannot kiss his wife with impunity on the pretext that it is a brotherly kiss. The Filipino, therefore, requires complete faith and loyalty of his wife or sweetheart. A deviation from this unwritten law oftentimes leads to a bloody mess. Among the many examples is when a Jealous husband stabs his wife and hacks his neighbor, It is in a fit of jealousy that a husband stabbed dead his wife then attack the woman’s alleged paramour in barangay Yati, Liloan, northern Cebu. Police said that the husband was furius when his 41 year old wife, admitted to him that she and a married neighbor in 39 years of age had a relationship. It was their daughter who told the police that she heard her mother shouting for help in the 1:30 a. m in that morning. The daughter ran to her parents room and saw her knife wielding father standing in front of her mother, who was lying bloodied on the top of the bed. Her mother died because of multiple stab wounds. It is not only this instance that the jealousy of a betrayed husband was actualize there are many instances wherein such things had happened, bloody killings, are often enough reported in the daily newspapers, and are frequent and usual upshot is jealousy, for to a Filipino blood is required to was the stain of his honor H. Camaraderie Pakikisama or camaraderie among other nation is also one of the best traits that Filipino possesses. The spirit of comradeship makes Filipinos trustworthy beings. The idea of bayanihan was established because of Filipino camaraderie. Filipino shows no elements of deceit, dishonesty and selfishness. Everybody is willing to help one another is the other is in need of help. I. Regionalism Regionalism is defined as a Political subdivision of an area into partially autonomous region, which characterize by loyalty to the interest of a particular region. A Feature of such is an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographical area. It is also a quality in literature that is the product of fidelity to the habits, speech, manners, history, folklore, and beliefs of a particular geographical section. That is why a Filipino, does not think in terms of national boundaries but in regional oneness. This feeling is an extension of the closeness of family ties. Invariably, the Filipino believes that the person known to him, no matter how bad is btter than the one unknown to him no matter how. Good. Thus one finds college or university students calling a meeting of all those who come from the different parts of county. [ 2 ]. C. Lewis, Elementary Latin Dictionary (Oxford Univ. Press, 2000), p. 371. [ 3 ]. Who is derrida [ 4 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, CE publishing Inc. ,2012, p. 6-7 [ 5 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 7 [ 6 ]. Editorial, Familiy Ties, Philippine Daily Inquirer, September 20, 2011 [ 7 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 7 [ 8 ]. Hugh Rice ,Fatalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved December 2, 2010 p. 71 [ 9 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 9-10 [ 10 ]. Martin, Mike W. ,Virtuous giving: philanthropy, voluntary service, and caring. Indiana University Press. p. 40. [ 11 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 10 [ 12 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 11 [ 13 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 12.

Shakespeares supernatural elements

Shakespeares supernatural elements Shakespeare used the supernatural in Macbeth to entertain and to terrify his audiences. Is a modern audience entertained and terrified in the same way by the supernatural elements in the play? The main function of the play is to entertain and to terrify the audiences who witness the play. The three witches lure Macbeth into their plan and he fulfils their predictions after being influenced by the idea of becoming king. Once king, Macbeth goes back to see the witches again and he demands more prophecies of his future. Macbeths ambition takes control of him and is what eventually leads him to his death. The mood and atmosphere, within the audience changes, dramatically, during play. The characters, e.g. Macbeth, are constantly developing and becoming new people due to the supernatural effect, influenced by others. The supernatural creates a dark and sinister effect towards the atmosphere of the play, where it is easier to believe that evil things can occur, for instance, Duncans murder. The way the witches control the mysterious forces of the supernatural gives the audience an uncomfortable feeling which partially contributes to the dark, threatening mood. Characters use ambiguities and antitheses to bring across a dramatic effect, fair is foule, and foule is fair is a direct contrast of words yet it has more than one meaning. This type of language adds towards the threatening mood of the play. Many people today do not believe in witches because we know that there is no such thing as supernatural, due to scientific evidence. This is why modern audiences enjoy reading or watching plays, like Macbeth, because it is very exciting and out of the ordinary due to its use of supernatural elements in the play. We notice that there is also a lot of superstition manifested in the play. Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth says, Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, this tells us that she has a strong belief in superstition and relies on the evil spirits to give her strength. She also says The raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements this shows that she believes in superstitious signs about what will happen. Shakespeares contemporary audiences would not have understood anything about the reality of supernatural elements. They would have all been very superstitious and have believed in the supernatural of witchcraft. They wou ld have believed that Macbeth was possessed because he had visions and was distressed. People believed in these supernatural figures because they did not have any explanations for the things that happened. Nowadays we have the advantage of having scientific knowledge and theories. We have a full advantage on the understanding of the supernatural elements of the play. Act 1 Scene 1 is the first supernatural scene that we observe. In an open, deserted, wasteland, we first notice that all three witches mysteriously gather together and plan to meet again on the heath. Throughout the play, the witches speak in their own language to confuse their victims. We observe the witches in three different clips and they are each portrayed very differently. Clip 1, directed by Trevor Nunn, 1978, the scene is rather daunting and unsettling. The witches enter a dark, deserted cave-like area at night and are seen as typical witches. All three witches are dressed in rags yet appear to have different ages and appearances. The two elder witches rely on the younger witch as a source of prophesy for the future. The clip is fully focused on the witches as it is set on stage so the background is less detailed. Many background sound effects are used to create a dangerous storm-like atmosphere which creates a build up of tension. Clip 2, directed by Bogdanov, 1998, is an inaccurate approach to the witches as they are set in the future. It is set in an old quarry with an unpleasant and deserted atmosphere due to all of the rubbish and fires. Yet again, the witches all have different appearances- they are different races, they wear unusual, gypsy-like clothi ng and could be described as homeless people. Clip 1 is more realistic than Clip 2 because we know that at Shakespeares time, the surroundings would not have been like that and it is less convincing. The witches are able to predict and foretell the coming future, Witch 3 exclaims, That will be ere the set of sun, this shows us that they can prophesise what is going to happen. The witches plan to meet with Macbeth from the very beginning of the play, There to meet with Macbeth which also emphasizes their powers, because they plan to meet with a character of whom they have never met before, yet they know that he will definitely be there. As prophesized, he comes, and repeats the words that the witches have used, So foul and fair it is almost as if he has already had an anonymous connection with the witches and evil spirits. Act 1 Scene 3, Banquo and Macbeth first meet the witches. Banquo describes them as withered th inhabitants o the earth, this tells us they are old, wild looking, very unattractive and strange for wearing such unusual clothes. He also says that they have beards, which explains how they are different to most women. The Witches make predictions for Macbeths future. They exclaim, Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none which leaves Macbeth confused yet intrigued to find out more about his prophesised destiny. Banquo thinks that it is weird how they have predicted such a grand future for Macbeth and exclaims things that do sound so fair? Banquo does not believe the predictions will happen, L the name of truth. Act 1 Scene 3, the witches speak in contradicting riddles to confuse Macbeth, Lesser than Macbeth, and greater, Not so happy, but much happier. Both riddles are particularly confusing for the audience and Macbeth to comprehend due to their contradictions. Throughout the play, the witches continue to act very mysteriously, which also contributes to the cunning, impact that they have on us. Even though the witches are reluctant to tell Macbeth too much, they influence him to fulfil the prophecies, in order to become king, after a previous prediction comes true. It suggests that the witches put him under a spell as he is continuously intrigued to find out more about the predictions for his future. Act 4 Scene 1, known as the cauldron scene, is one of the most commonly well known superstitious scenes throughout the play. It is well known for its famous quote, double double toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble!. This scene is brought to life in the dramatic way in which the Witches use the cauldron. The theatrical effect is increased by the spell and its imaginary ingredients. A few of the ingredients are, eye of newt, and toe of frog, wool of bat and tongue of dog. This creates a dramatic impact towards the mood and atmosphere of the scene because the audience is encouraged to feel disturbed by the strange, eerie events on stage and the mysterious actions of the witches. The witches are very sinister and serious about the potion and repeat their charm, double double toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble!, three times, which adds to the suspension causing the audience to feel especially nerved as they wait for what is going to happen next. This scene is very powerful because it creates a huge amount of suspension within its audience, who begin to feel as though they are being lingered into the dreadfully, dark, evil magic being created. Audiences may even begin to believe that they are supposed to be dark spirits and witches, observing the creation of the potion. Before Macbeth enters the cave, the Witches predict, by the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes. Yet again, this emphasises their continuous, precision in their predictions. Macbeth begins to rapidly rely on the witches for his success in royalty. We begin to see that they are slowly, with disguise, lingering him into their prophesised trap and allowing him to become another one of their helpless victims. During this scene, Macbeth is very unaware as he does not think deeply enough about the prophecies that he is being given for the future. Macbeth enters the cavern and demands the witches to tell him exactly what he wants, you secret, black and midnight hags! What ist you do? Macbeth instantly appears fearless and has too much confidence. When he is told that none of woman born shall harm Macbeth, Macbeth appears oblivious when he says then live, Macduff, what need I fear of thee?. He is fooled by the trick within the announcement and believes that no one can harm him. He believes he is invincible and is unafraid of death, Ill fight till from my bones my flesh be hackd. Macbeth threatens to curse the witches if they dont do as he commands, and this shows that he has over estimated his power. The supernatural has a powerful, dramatic effect over peoples lives that takes control and causes characters personalities to change for the worse. The witches are linked with supernatural and co ntrol the mysteriousness of it all, which is how Macbeth became possessed, leading to his death. When Macbeth was told the predictions for his future, he made a turn for the worst and used evil methods to complete the necessary requirements, to fulfil the predictions. We know that Macbeths knowledge of the future took over his life and forced him to become an evil character. Another scene that contains supernatural elements is Act 2 Scene 1, also well known as the dagger scene. Macbeth expresses his thoughts and emotions whilst heading towards Duncans chamber. Macbeth has visions and sees a dagger and is fascinated by it. The first half of the soliloquy, Shakespeare explores Macbeths feelings towards the dagger. Macbeth questions the dagger and is uncertain whether he is hallucinating or if there is a real dagger in front of him, is this a dagger which I see before me. Macbeth follows the dagger and exclaims, Thou marshallst me the way that I was going. Shakespeares plot suggests that the witches have sent the dagger as a sign for Macbeth to follow and fulfil. The second half of the soliloquy, Shakespeare creates a daunting atmosphere, nature seems at dead and wicked dreams abuse. Shakespeare uses imagery to create a picture of the scene in our minds. He uses similes, moves like a ghost, and so we can picture how silently Macbeth travels. Macbeth fears that all of the evil spirits will disturb the plan and cause it to fail for fear thy very stones prate of my whereabout. Macbeth is the main character of the play and as the story develops we start to become part of his character. Our thoughts and emotions become more similar to his, which is why although Macbeth is doing wrong, we still feel sympathy for his feelings and do not want him to be found out and punished. Shakespeare describes the outside world as a hell world and suggests that it is full of dark and evil spirits, hiding among the shadows of the night. Shakespeare creates an atmosphere that is both tensional and stressful for the audience. The night is full of dark, evil, dangerous, spirits from the unknown world and with such a sinister atmosphere; it resembles the witches because they encourage evil deeds to take place- this makes us sense that the witches are trying to communicate with Macbeth and lure him into their plan. Macbeth says, Witchcraft celebrates Pale Heca tes offerings, which suggests the witches are near. Act 2 Scene 1, there are many different interpretations which are all represented uniquely. Trevor Nunn, 1978, the scene is entirely focused on Macbeth as he speaks aloud. The daggers sharpness is emphasised and the scene is almost too quite- this forces us to share his intensity. We see that Macbeth is terrified as he is sweating heavily and speaks with an uneasy tone. He later goes on to caress the dagger due to his madness. In the Orson Welles 1948, version, the entire scene is portrayed by Macbeths thoughts. The eerie background music is very disturbing and suspicious which adds to the impact of the scene. The camera goes in and out of focus, which adds to the confusion of the scene and the low-key lighting represents good and evil. We are unable to see the dagger although we hear mysterious voices, which represent how the witches are always watching their victims. Act 3 Scene 4, is when we witness another supernatural scene from the play. The Banquet scene is the centrepiece of the play. When Banquos ghost appears, Macbeth is immediately terrified and scared that the ghost might punish and haunt him for the evil sins he has committed. Macbeth refers to the ghost and says Thou canst not say I did it! Never shake thy gory locks at me! which shows his fear as he tries to deny the murder. Macbeth is so terrified, he begs the ghost to leave several times, Prithee, see there!, Avaunt and quit my sight!. The fact that Macbeth can see ghosts reveals that he is losing his state of mind and going mad as a result of his fear and guilt. We do not feel the same way or have the same guilt and emotions as Macbeth does, this is because we cannot see the same visions since we havent committed his crimes and therefore do not have the same feelings of guilt. The tension, as we wait to see how Macbeth will react, creates a large amount of excitement within the au dience. Shakespeares audiences would have been held under suspension as they waited to find out what was happening to Macbeth, since they couldnt see the ghost. Although, towards the end of the scene they would have explained that Macbeth was hallucinating over a guilty conscience .Although, nowadays a modern audiences opinion would not necessarily changed that much compared to Shakespeares contemporary audience. Many people would have thought similarly that Macbeth was fretting and hallucinating over a guilty conscience. Just after Macbeth succeeded in murdering Duncan, we learn that he and Lady Macbeth appeared to have swap roles. The supernatural starts to take control of Macbeth and he dramatically changes characters. As before, he used to rely on his wife, however now he becomes less dependent on his wife and takes control of situations, he even plans to kill Banquo without his wife knowing. He also becomes more confident and decisive, and is more distant with his wife. Lady Macbeth also changes; she starts to sleepwalk due to her fear in guilt, of being found out, and shouts out damned spot! as she tries to rub off the imaginary spot of blood she sees on her hand. Due to the supernatural effect, Macbeth is so focused on becoming a successful king that he ignores his wifes death. Throughout this play, we learn how some people will do almost anything to be powerful and Macbeth was one of those sorts of people. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a character with a good heart. He was even prepared to die for his king. However when he was given the chance to rule, as king, he seized the opportunity and from then on, he became frighteningly power crazy, which was when he was overrun by his aspiration of becoming an entirely successful, triumphant king. Shakespeares audiences may have seen the world in a different way to modern audiences, but nowadays we have the advantage of having scientific knowledge and theories, so we find the supernatural elements entertaining and, to some extent, terrifying. Many people today do not believe in witches because we have no evidence that it is physically possible, so we are not scared or intimidated by them. For example, we know that there is no such thing a wizard, potions and spells, which is why we enjoy watching Harry Potter. It is different from reality and we like to imagine that such a thing is possible. Although modern audiences do not react to supernatural elements in the play in the same way as Shakespeares audiences, we still find them entertaining and terrifying, in a different context.

Abortion Should Be Illegal Essay -- Persuasive Essay

Around the world many women are receiving abortions legally and illegally. I believe receiving abortions should be against the law, with the exception of rape and incest. Taking the life of an unborn human being is not only cruel but wrong. The decision of taking another human beings life should not lie in our hands. In every society whether it was legal or legal, abortions were used to control fertility. In the United States it was practiced legally until about 1880, by then most states had banned it except to save a woman's life. It was widely practiced through the entire period it was illegal. In the 1890’s there were an estimate of two million abortions per year and, one to two million annually during the 1920’s-30’s. Whether a woman could receive an abortion was based upon her economic situation, race, and where she lived. Women with money could leave the country and find pricey doctors but, poor women who had no money to leave and get one would preform self abortions. Either inserting knitting needles or coat hangers into the uterus and vagina, douching with dangerous solutions such as lye, or swallowing strong drugs and chemicals. Several hundred thousand women were treated for health complications due to botched, unsanitary, or self-induced abortions. The laws prohibi ting abortions took a heavy toll on women’s lives and health. Scholars estimated that approximately five thousand woman had died in the U.S because of unsafe abortions. World wide unintended, mistimed, and unwanted pregnancies are faced by all women in every country and all cultures. Some 20-30 million legal abortions are preformed each year, and another 10-20 million that are preformed illegally. Globally an estimate of 46 million abortions occur each y... ... minors seek parental consent or that a parent is notified in advanced of a minor having an abortion. As of 2015, 35 states require that there is some sort of parental involvement with a minor receiving an abortion. 22 states only require parental consent, eleven states only require parental notification, and only two states require parental consent and notification. There are mandatory periods that the woman wanting to get an abortion must receive specific information about the pregnancy and alternatives first. Works Cited http://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book/excerpt.asp?id=27 http://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book/companion.asp?id=20&compID=40 http://www.emedicinehealth.com/abortion/page2_em.htm http://www.friesian.com/abortion.htm http://www.abortionno.org/Resources/fastfacts.html http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/surgery/abortion/overview.html